Emma+Hughes+&+Haley+Smith

The American Revolution
Haley:

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__Summary__ The outbreak of smallpox lead to a huge crisis, especially during the revolutionary war. However, since quarantine was knocking down the numbers of the army significantly, a new decision in the containing of the disease had to be found. Inoculations (vaccines) were later discovered to help prevent the outbreak of smallpox. The first state medical society was also created as a result of all the newly refined medical research. A more refined version of this vaccine was created a little bit later with a HUGE success rate for back in the day. The colonial people realized throughout this entire process that if you prevent the infectious disease before it ever spreads, less people will die and the it will be contained.
 * "colonials had a long history of isolating residents within their communities who were either ill or had been inoculated, later vaccinated, against smallpox." on 32
 * "Smallpox plagued both the British and American armies during the revolution." on 36
 * "During the war for independence, some North Carolinians responded to the appearance of smallpox by resorting to inoculation." on bottom of 36
 * The people in Salem didn't want to wait for another appearance of smallpox to occur so they went ahead and resorted to inoculations (vaccines). summary on top of 37
 * Edward Jenner discovered a new type of vaccine called the cowpox or kinepox vaccine which led to a new era of combating smallpox. on bottom of 40 into 41
 * The first state medical society was created in 1799 thanks to Dr. Calvin Jones. on 41

https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines/publications/ch55

> __Summary__ Even today, people are recognizing the importance of early prevention. That's why they are teaching proper health etiquette and about preventing illnesses in the earliest stages of education possible.
 *  The principles outlined in Staying Healthy include effective hand hygiene, exclusion of ill children and adults, and immunisation. Additional to this is use of gloves, cough and sneeze etiquette, and effective environmental cleaning. These principles are applicable to every early education and care setting.

http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.proxy.kyvl.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=4e39ca38-a22f-4790-ba05-f6325b1944b6%40sessionmgr4001&vid=15&hid=4102


 * "Internationally, standard precautions (SP) [previously universal precaution (UP)] have been regarded as fundamental in the control and prevention of infection and are considered an effective means of protecting healthcare practitioners, patients and the public (Department of Health 1998, Ward 2004, Golan //et al//. 2006). ~First sentence of the introduction
 * "In addition, they are regarded as effective in reducing the healthcare associated infections (Jadoul //et al.// 1998, Department of Health 2003, Welsh assembly Government 2004). ~Second sentence of the introduction
 * "Compliance to SP reduces the risk of cross infection (Centres for Disease Control 1996), contributes to the reduction of healthcare-associated

infection (Giramonti //et al.// 2000, Department of Health 2003, Wang //et al.// 2003, Robert //et al.// 2006) and protects healthcare practitioners (O'Boyle //et al.// 2001, Cydulka 2002, Kim //et al. 2003)."// ~First paragraph under the discussion section

__Summary__ Standard precautions help to prevent ALL kinds of things. Ultimately, it has kept present day America from being as infectious as we used to be.

http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.proxy.kyvl.org/ehost/detail?sid=4e39ca38-a22f-4790-ba05-f6325b1944b6%40sessionmgr4001&vid=38&hid=4102&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPXVpZCxpcCxjcGlkLHVybCZjdXN0aWQ9czExNzYxOTI%3d#db=funk&AN=CE082000

>
 * "...develops immunization services, together with state and local agencies; provides public health information; and aids in the training of health workers."
 * "...and arranging educational program to help prevent future outbreaks."

__Summary__ There inst really information on here but it does say think about the CDC and when it was started, etc. We could use this to go along with early prevention of diseases and the standard precautions part of our paper.

Emma: https://www.armyheritage.org/education-and-programs/educational-resources/education-materials-index/50-information/soldier-stories/282-smallpox Summary: This article is about smallpox being introduced to Boston, spreading from the British and the start of the disease in the colonies. Also how George Washington was dealing with the spreading of disease. And how smallpox threatened destruction to the entire Army.
 * "Because Virginia forbade inoculation, Washington asked Governer Patrick Henry to support the program, writing that smallpox "is more destructive to an Army in the Natural way, than the Enemy's Sword"
 * "Washington faced a difficult choice: whether or not to inoculate his Army. Inoculated soldiers was develop a mild case of the disease which most would survive. They would be immune.His other option was to do nothing other than isolate and treat the sick and hope the Army avoided a major outbreak."
 * "Throughout the fall and into the winter of 1775, an outbreak raged in the city of Boston."
 * "Washington ordered his doctors to keep a sharp watch for smallpox and to send infected men to the isolation hospital immediately.

We can use this to branch off to " excessive amounts of infected soldiers in quarantine" or to the creation of vaccines.